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The best word I've heard that covers that, is the Portuguese " Saudade "; especially because it's ingrained in the culture ( e.g. Fado) .same for Brazil ofc.
Nope Saudade is just the feeling of nostalgia, for some reason someone convinced foreigners and some Brazilians that it's special or somehow different from nostalgia. And it caught because mostly we don't use nostalgia to refer to people, so in most people's mind they're somewhat different but it's just because of common use. Any phrase that Portuguese uses saudades can be replaced with missing in english without losing any meaning, e.g. Tenho saudades do meu cachorro -> I miss my dog.
No it's not, saudades means nostalgia, I don't know why people think it's different.
Let's switch to Portuguese, I don't think anyone else is following this far down on the thread.
Mas essas mesmas variantes podem estar na nostalgia, tristeza e orgulho tbm estão vinculadas com nostalgia. Eu acho que o que acontece eh que a gente esta tao acostumado a usar saudade e tao nao acostumado a usar nostalgia, q soa estranho e diferente, mas eh difícil colocar a diferença em palavras pq na real não tem, eh só um sentimento de que deviam ser diferentes.
Not once have I heard it in the context of something that didn't happen though
It's possible to be used in that context, same way OP is saying that he feels nostalgic for something that didn't happened. Saudades is a feeling of nostalgia. So if someone was asking the exact same question in Portuguese he would ask something among the lines of "what's the name for saudades of something that happened in a dream"
But now we're stuck where we were before, it's no different from nostalgia or longing in that regard where it's not implied that it's something that didn't happen, which I think is what OP wants.
I agree, Saudades is not the word OP is looking for.
Maybe because longing for something or someone you knew is also Saudade ofc, and is the more commonly known, like for people close to you. Otherwise " sinto falta de" ( I miss).
Afaik [ Brazil and some Portuguese fiends], you can have Saudade for something that might have happened, something you thought happened, never will happen, or even Saudade for something you don't know ever happened, or without knowing whatever it is, or knowing whatever it is or coming from; like undefined. Like a state of being.
That's also how it's said in the wiki page I linked , a quote:
The Dictionary from the Royal Galician Academy, on the other hand, defines saudade as an "intimate feeling and mood caused by the longing for something absent that is being missed. This can take different aspects, from concrete realities (a loved one, a friend, the motherland, the homeland...) to the mysterious and transcendent.