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The Diabetes in SEA is a real puzzle. Rice has always been a staple of the local diet, so that can't really account for the rise in type 2 diabetes.
If I had to speculate its a combination of both increased carbohydrate consumption (glucose spikes), process food (glucose spikes, inflammation), and the wide-spread adoption of industrial oils (inflammation, and attacks cholesterol). We know that most dietary problems come from mixing carbohydrates and fat (randle cycle inflammation)
If you are in the US then you might want to check out
I think glycemic index is only useful in the context of dosing insulin, not for gauging overall health of food. I find the carbohydrate-insulin model of health most compelling. The big difference is it's the TIME of elevated blood sugar that is more important then the HEIGHT of the spike. Obviously reducing both is good, shorter time, lower spike, but if you have to focus on one, time has the biggest metabolic payoff.