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Intel's new Thunderbolt Share provides file and screen sharing without hurting network performance
(www.tomshardware.com)
This is a most excellent place for technology news and articles.
Theoretically it should be possible. You can at least install MTP on Linux PCs and I bet there's something for Windows as well. So I think at that point it's up to the smartphone to have client support.
Meh, but I'm too lazy to test this.