"Black capitalism" is historically the approach of some African American* communities and individuals to resist racial oppression by embracing capitalism and out-competing whites in it, essentially. This met its most famous manifestation in Tulsa, Oklahoma, which developed a wealthy black capitalist class, but neighboring white towns got mad at this and basically leveled a good portion of the town and killed many people. For reasons beyond me, some liberals hold up Tulsa as some wonderful thing and proof that black people should just be more engaged in capitalism, and they ignore how the experiment ended.
The most famous "black capitalism" proponent is the Jamaican-born American Marcus Garvey, who some Rastafarians worship as a prophet. To poison the well immediately, he was supported by the KKK in his projects to send African Americans "back to" Africa, because their ideologies and aims of ethnonationalism broadly aligned.
*It's mostly an American thing, but it's not exclusively an American thing by any means
It didn't just bolster the rationale for enslaving black people, it largely executed the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Those boats weren't publicaly owned, and neither were the captured slaves, the slavers were entrepreneurs and their employees doing business.