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Japan Becomes 1st Country Ever To Fire Electromagnetic Railgun From An Offshore Vessel
(www.eurasiantimes.com)
This is a most excellent place for technology news and articles.
They're pretty similar, in that both use electromagnetic forces to launch a projectile.
Gaus cannons use a field around the projectile, applied by wires wrapped around a tube, whereas railguns use two rails touching the projectile to conduct the magnetic field through the projectile.