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other than the reflexive USSR bashing that happens any time Soviet history comes up?

I'm not bashing it, just kinda full of some things of its legacy.

I’m not really seeing connections being drawn here at all

Too bad.

Is the argument the Spartans and the Soviets were similar in that they were both bad?

No, in the way Soviet propaganda presented Soviet citizens its place in the civilized part of history. Which ideas we follow, which we don't, what is civilization and what is barbarism. Community and ascetism were kinda there, and it was thoroughly militarized and in theory prepared for a supposed full mobilization all the time, except nothing would really work. Not much more than that.

Soviet propaganda was actually very keen on that idea of civilization, antique references all over the place when you read anything touching philosophy from approved things. And the descent to barbarism would be what the "imperialist" or "capitalist" world was doing.

At the same time, due to Soviet economy's limitations, there was also promotion of ascetism as something morally superior, say, they have all those nice things and rock-n-roll, while we have well-read people and value the spiritual above the material. That part is not new, of course, it can be found in German and Austrian stuff before WWI and in every totalitarian regime around.

I think some of the people creating that aesthetic were actually sincere, which is hard to imagine now, but touching it you feel that. It's a bittersweet feeling, a painful one.

What does this have to do with Spartans specifically? I don't know, but the structure of the Soviet society for me looks like something deliberately imagined after a romanticized version of Lycurgus' Sparta, except done by crooked mind and crooked hands. Which would match the demographic of "old Bolsheviks" and other revolutionaries of early XX century, who were mostly students (mostly dropouts too) of social sciences.