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While you can run an llm on an "old" laptop with an Nvidia GC it will likely be really slow. Like several minutes to much much longer slow. Huggingface.co is a good place to start and has a ton of different LLMs to choose from that range from small enough to run on your hardware to ones that won't.
As you are a teacher you know that research is going to be vital to your understanding and implementing this project. There is a plethora of information out there. There will not be a single person's answer that will work perfectly for your wants and your hardware.
When you have figured out your plan and then run into issues that's a good point to ask questions with more information about your situation.
I say this cause I just went through this. Not to be an ass.
Can they not get a TPU on USB, like the Coral Accelerator or something?
It's less the calculations and more about memory bandwidth. To generate a token you need to go through all the model data, and that's usually many many gigabytes. So the time it takes to read through in memory is usually longer than the compute time. GPUs have gb's of RAM that's many times faster than the CPU's ram, which is the main reason it's faster for llm's.
Most tpu's don't have much ram, and especially cheap ones.